Does Thyroid Medication Have Long-Term Effects?

An in-depth look at the potential long-term effects of taking thyroid medication, including increased risks of heart problems and bone loss.

As someone who has taken thyroid medication for years, I’ve often wondered — what are the long-term effects I should watch out for?

Thyroid issues are common, with over 12% of Americans affected by problems like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

When our thyroids don’t produce the right hormones, many of us need to take synthetic thyroid hormones to get back on track.

But could these medications have unintended consequences down the road? Here’s what the latest research shows about the potential long-term adverse effects of drugs like Synthroid, Levothyroxine, and Liothyronine.

Heart Complications

One concern is that thyroid medication could increase the risk of heart rhythm problems or cardiovascular disease over time.

Several large studies found links between taking higher doses of thyroid medication and increased odds of atrial fibrillation, which causes rapid, irregular heartbeat.

For example, a Danish study of over 4 million people found the risk of atrial fibrillation was 43% higher among those taking higher doses of thyroid medication compared to no prescription.

The good news is the absolute risk was still low overall, around 4% for high-dose users. Doctors recommend aiming for the lowest effective thyroid medication dose to minimize heart risks.

Get your TSH levels checked regularly and consult your physician about any new heart palpitations — early treatment can prevent complications.

Increased Bone Loss

Thyroid hormones play a key role in bone health. An overactive thyroid can lead to bone loss since too much thyroid hormone signals the body to break down more bone tissue.

Some research indicates taking high doses of thyroid medication long-term may also increase the breakdown of bone minerals, leading to higher risks of osteoporosis and fractures.

A recent Taiwanese study found people taking higher doses of thyroid medication had up to a 2-fold increase in hip fracture risk.

To protect your bones, make sure to get sufficient calcium and vitamin D. Also aim to do regular weight-bearing exercises.

Getting your TSH levels in the optimal range, not too high or low, can help minimize bone loss. Ask your doctor about having periodic bone density scans too.

Tips to Minimize Risks

While more research is still needed, current evidence suggests a few precautions regarding long-term thyroid medication use:

• Take the lowest effective dose that relieves hypothyroid symptoms and maintains normal TSH levels.
• Get TSH levels checked at least yearly, and consult your doctor about any cardiac or bone health concerns.
• Supplement with calcium and vitamin D for bone health.
• Stay active with weight-bearing exercises like walking or strength training.
• Know the warning signs of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism and report any new symptoms promptly.
• Consider alternatives like thyroid hormone cycling protocols.

The keyword “adverse effects of drugs” is important to consider when weighing the benefits and potential risks of taking any medication long-term.

Overall, thyroid drugs are very effective when used appropriately under a doctor’s care.

Being informed and proactive about your health is key to minimizing any adverse effects.